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WILSON’S GHOST:
Reducing the Risk of Conflict, Killing and
Catastrophe in the 21st Century

Robert S. McNamara and James G. Blight

Public Affairs - June 2001

The ghost of Woodrow Wilson, whose presidency encompassed the First World War and its immediate aftermath, has haunted world leaders from his day to ours. Wilson's vision-of a collective international action to resist aggressive conflict after the carnage of the First World War-failed tragically. As a consequence, over 160 million people died in conflict during the 20th century, making it the bloodiest by far in all of human history. Will the 21st century take humanity along the same violent path?

In WILSON'S GHOST: Reducing the Risk of Conflict, Killing, and Catastrophe in the 21st Century(PublicAffairs; June 2001; $24.00; 288 pages; ISBN: 1891620894), former U.S. Defense Secretary Robert S. McNamara and Brown University Professor James G. Blight hold up the Wilsonian tragedy as a historical mirror in order to illuminate our own security risks, and as a stimulus to finding ways to lower those risks. In a provocative synthesis of the pragmatic, historical, and philosophical arguments for avoiding war and achieving a sustainable peace, McNamara and Blight put forth a multi-faceted action program for realizing Wilson's dream in our new century. The plan begins with a moral imperative that establishes the reduction of human carnage as a major goal of foreign policy across the globe, and details the necessity of adopting new policies to support that goal, including:

  • Only multilateral interventions on the part of the United States.
  • Full reconciliation with Russia and China, and their integration into normal relations with other Great Powers.
  • Restructuring the United Nations to make it more effective at preventing killing.
  • Defining, deterring and punishing war crimes.
  • Reducing nuclear danger by moving steadily and safely toward the elimination of nuclear weapons.

McNamara and Blight argue that with the Cold War over, yet with the fear associated with it still vivid and alarming in our memories, now is the time for a radical approach to reducing the risk of human carnage. In WILSON'S GHOST, they demonstrate why we cannot afford to fail this time and what we need to do in order to succeed.

Robert S. McNamara was president of the Ford Motor Company, secretary of defense to Presidents Kennedy and Johnson, and president of the World Bank. He is the author of In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam and co-author of Argument Without End: In Search of Answers to the Vietnam Tragedy. He is a board member of the Pugwash Foundation.

James G. Blight is professor of international relations (research) at the Watson Institute for International Studies at Brown University, and the author or editor of a dozen books on the recent history of U.S. foreign policy, including Argument Without End.


Advance Praise for WILSON'S GHOST

"Robert McNamara and James Blight have written a lucid, creative and important book about the urgent need for addressing the linkages between interventions undertaken for humanitarian reasons and the risk of great power conflict. It is a brilliant first step in tying together the loose shards of international relations in this new century."
-- Michael Ignatieff, author of Virtual War: Kosovo and Beyond

"McNamara and Blight's discussion of avoiding nuclear catastrophe is excellent. I think it is the best that has ever been written on the subject."
--Hans A. Bethe, Nobel Laureate in Physics

"Wilson's Ghost is a probing and passionate analysis of the steps we must take if the 21st century is to be less murderous than the century the world has barely survived."
--Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., author of A Life in the 20th Century and The Cycles of American History

"Wilson's Ghost is brilliant on the subject of nuclear danger in our post-Cold War era. McNamara and Blight argue that while large nuclear arsenals may have been unavoidable during the Cold War, they are no longer necessary. They contend that a massive moral failure on this issue has taken place, especially in the United States. Readers may not agree with all of their radical conclusions, but no one interested in the issues of peace and war in this century can afford to ignore them."
--Rev. J. Bryan Hehir, Harvard Divinity School

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