BOOK REVIEW

Scientific Cooperation, State Conflict. The Roles of Scientists in Mitigating International Discord. Allison L. C. de Cerreno and Alexander Keynan, editors. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 866, 281 pages.

This book is an distillation of the experience of some scientists in their efforts to bring about political changes. It is of particular interest for organizations like Pugwash which deal with subjects such as arms control and elimination, the prevention and resolution of armed conflicts and other major threats to humanity. Readers will greatly benefit from the plentitude of experience that has emerged from the successes as well as the failures of these efforts. Alex Keynan's introductory overview of the political impact of scientific cooperation on nations in conflict and his summary of related issues illuminate the aims and achievements as described in chapters devoted to particular case studies. A foreward and preface by the editors clarify the substantive chapters.

Partial List of Chapters and their Authors

• Scientific Cooperation as a Bridge Across the Cold War Divide: The case of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), by Alan McDonald.
• The Role of Seismologists in Debates over the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, by Gregory E. van der Vink.
• The Role of Scientists in Normalizing U.S.-China Relations: 1965-1979, by Kathlin Smith.
• Nuclear Cooperation in South America: The Role of Scientists in the Argentine-Brazilian Rapprochement, by paulo S. Wrobel and John R. Redick.
• Scientific Cooperation in Agriculture and medical Research as a Means for Normalizing Relations between Egypt and Isreal, by Alexander Keynan and Dany Shoham.
• The impact of Pugwash on Debates over Chemical and Biological Weapons, by J.P. Perry Robinson.
• International conflicts over Environment: Scientists' Roles and opportunities, by Jesse H. Ausubel.

Responses to the text of the chapters are made by outstanding authorities (A. Keynan, Jean-Jacques Salomon, Fareed Zakaria, Susan Raymond, Wolfgang P. Panofsky, Klaus L. Gottstein, Mahmoud M. Mahfouz and others).

Pugwashites will recognize that most of the subjects covered in this volume have been and remain active concerns in the Pugwash program. An excellent example is the work by Pugwash on chemical and biological weapons (CBW) since 1959 (the first Pugwash meeting on CBW) to the present consisting of over 50 meetings solely devoted to the subject. Julian Perry Robinson of the university of Sussex is the author of this chapter who, along with Matthew Meselson of Harvard University, began their participation in this series in the 1960s and continue today as stalwarts in this effort.

This volume is indispensible as an historical account, with present relevance, of the efforts of scientists as they seek to improve society and avoid major damage to our planet. It deserves a wide audience.